Coffee

Instructions //Use this template to help you complete your assignment. Refer to the home page for details of how you will be marked. Terms that you are unfamiliar with should be researched for clarification.// Coffee has played a crucial role in many societies. The energizing effect of the coffee bean plant is thought to have been discovered in the northeast region of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee first expanded in the Arab world. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas. In East Africa and Yemen, it was used in religious ceremonies. As a result, the Ethipoian church banned its secular consumption, a ban in effect until the reign of Emperor It was banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons.
 * Plant Name:Coffee (coffea)**
 * Domestication**: 800 CE Ethiopia
 * Coffee** is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. Coffee beans are found in coffee cherries, which grow on trees in over 70 countries, cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. "Green Unroasted' coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Coffee can have a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffine content. It is one of the most-consumed beverages in the world.

All coffee plants are classified in the large family. They are Evergreen shrubs or small trees that may grow 5 m (15 ft) tall when unpruned. The leaves are dark green and glossy, usually 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide. The flowers are axillary, and clusters of fragrant white flowers bloom simultaneously and are followed by oval berries of about 1.5 cm (0.6 in). Green when immature, they ripen to yellow, then crimson, before turning black on drying. Each berry usually contains two seeds, but 5–10% of the berries have only one; these are called peaberries. Berries ripen in seven to nine months. //Coffea arabica// is predominantly self-pollinating, and as a result the seedlings are generally uniform and vary little from their parents. In contrast, //Coffea Canephora//, //C. excelsa//, and //C. liberica// are self-incompatible and require out crossing. This means that useful forms and hybrids must be propagated Vegetatively. Cuttings, grafting, and budding are the usual methods of vegetative propagation. On the other hand, there is great scope for experimentation in search of potential new strains.
 * Biology:**Several species of shrub of the genus //Coffea// produce the berries from which coffee is extracted. The two main species commercially cultivated are //Coffea canephora// (predominantly a form known as 'robusta') and //C.arabica//. //C. arabica//, the original and most highly regarded species, is native to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma in southeastern Sudan and possibly Mount Marisabt in northern Kenya. //C. canephora// is native to western and central subsaharan Africa, from Guinea to the Uganda and southern Sudan. Less popular species are //C. liberica//, //excelsa//, //stenophylla//, //mauritiana//, and //racemosa//.

In 2009 Brazil was the world leader in production of green coffee, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia and Colombia. Arabica coffee beans are cultivated in Latin America, eastern Africa, Arabia, or Asia. Robusta coffee beans are grown in western and central Africa, throughout southeast Asia, and to some extent in Brazil. Beans from different countries or regions can usually be distinguished by differences in flavor, aroma, body, and acidity. These taste characteristics are dependent not only on the coffee's growing region, but also on genetic subspecies ( varietals ) and processing. Varietals are generally known by the region in which they are grown, such as Colombian, Java and Kona.
 * Human/Plant relationship**:


 * Refection:** I whonder w ho the first person was to try and take random fruit from a tree and brew them into a drink. I have learned a lot about coffee i alway s thought it was discovered in south america . But it was actually discovered in Kenya in the late hundreds. I also learned that coffee is a main staple in our lives from the early hundreds to now. Most countries that produce coffee have warm but wet climates. The biggest producer of coffee right now is Brazil and then Vietnam with Columbia and India close behind.